HOWARD GLACIER METEOROLOGICAL STATION

Photo taken by Thomas Nylen - 2001-2002 Season All Rights Reserved. Reproduced with permission. For a panoramic view of the valley near the station, click here

• The Principal Investigator be sent a notice stating reasons for acquiring any data and a description of the publication intentions.
• The Principal Investigator be sent a copy of the report or manuscript prior to submission and be adequately cited in any resultant publications.
• A copy of any resultant publications should be sent to the McMurdo data manager.
  

MCM LTER Data Manager:	Chi Yang
Address:	Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Campus Box 450, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0450
Phone:	(303) 492-4639
E-Mail:	Chi.Yang@colorado.edu

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR:	Andrew G. Fountain
Address:	Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland OR, 97207-0751
Phone:	(503)725-3022
E-Mail:	fountaina@pdx.edu

OTHERS:	Thomas Nylen
Address:	Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland OR, 97207-0751
Phone:	(503)725-3355
E-Mail:	nylent@pdx.edu

• To query air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, radiation and soil temperature of any station, click here.


• To query AVERAGE (DAILY and MONTHLY) air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, radiation and soil temperature of any station, click here.


• Descriptions of previous adjustments to the data files can be found in the log page.

ABSTRACT: As part of the Long Term Ecological Research in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, meteorological data was collected from various locations throughout Taylor, Wright and Victoria Valleys. These files contain data for the Howard Glacier meteorology station (in Taylor Valley).

VARIABLES: Samples are represented using the following variable names:

Variable Name	Description
Dataset Code	Code for given set of information from Howard Glacier meteorology station
MetLocID	Location code for Howard Glacier Met Station
Date	Date/time of sample (McMurdo time)
AirT1m	Average air temperature at 1 m above ground
AirT3m	Average air temperature at 3 m above ground
AirTMax	Maximum air temperature at 2.5 - 3 m above ground
AirTMin	Minimum air temperature at 2.5 - 3 m above ground
AirT Comments	Comments about air temperature
IceT20cm	Ice temperature at 20 cm depth
IceT1m	Ice temperature at 1 meter depth
IceT Comments	Comments about ice temperature
RH	Relative humidity at 3 meter height
RH1m	Relative humidity at 1 meter height
RH Comments	Comments about relative humidity
LwRadIn	Incoming longwave radiation
SwRadIn	Incoming shortwave radiation
SwRadOut	Outgoing shortwave radiation
Radiation Comments	Comments about radiation (incoming longwave & incoming/outgoing shortwave)
WDir	Average wind direction
WDirStD	Standard deviation of wind direction
WSpd	Wind speed
WSpdMax	Maximum wind speed
WSpdMin	Minimum wind speed
Wind Comments	Comments about wind speed
WVapD	Water vapor density
WVapD Comments	Comments about water vapor density

RESEARCH LOCATION: The Howard Glacier meteorology station is located at a latitude of 77 44.83507 S, a longitude of 163 4.747251167 E, and an elevation of 472.49343 meters above sea level. Descriptions of this and other McMurdo Dry Valley meteorology stations can be found at http://huey.colorado.edu/LTER/datasets/meteorology/metlocs.html.

METHODS: At the start of the 1993-1994 field season, the Howard Glacier meteorological station was constructed at the same coordinates as stake 31 on the glacier's mass balance grid (latitude of 77-40-17.36222 S, longitide of 163-04-44.83507 E, and elevation of 472.49343 meters above sea level). The station was set up to sample sensors every 30 seconds and send summary statistics (for example, averages and maximums) to solid-state storage modules every 20 minutes between November 20, 1993 and November 27, 1995, and every 15 minutes thereafter. This has resulted in approximately 20 values being recorded for final storage in every output interval. Primary measurements made on Howard Glacier meteorology station, instrumentation used, and time of initiation are shown in the following table:

Measurement	Starting Season	Ending Season	Instrument Used
Air temperature @ 3 m	1993/1994 1999/2000	1999/2000 ---	Campbell Scientific 207 temp/rh probe Campbell Scientific 107 temp probe
Air temperature @ 1 m	1995/1996 1999/2000	1999/2000 ---	Campbell Scientific 207 temp/rh probe Campbell Scientific 107 temp probe
Relative humidity @ 3 m	1993/1994 1999/2000	1999/2000 ---	Campbell Scientific 207 temp/rh probe Vaisala HMP45C RH probe
Relative humidity @ 1 m	1993/1994 1999/2000	1999/2000 ---	Campbell Scientific 207 temp/rh probe Vaisala HMP45C RH probe
Ice temperature @ 20 cm	1993/1994	2002/2003	Campbell Scientific 107B temperature probe
Ice temperature @ 50 cm	2002/2003	---	Fenwall Thermisters (192-102DEW-A01) and Caddock Tetrinox® (TF050N) hi precision resistor (10Kohm) with ±5ppm/celcius and 0.01% Resistor
Ice temperature @ 1 m	1993/1994 2002/2003	2002/2003 ---	Campbell Scientific 107B temperature probe Fenwall Thermisters (192-102DEW-A01) and Caddock Tetrinox® (TF050N) hi precision resistor (10Kohm) with ±5ppm/celcius and 0.01% Resistor
Wind speed	1993/1994	---	R.M. Young model 05103 wind monitor
Wind direction	1993/1994	---	R.M. Young model 05103 wind monitor
Solar Flux (incoming)	1993/1994	---	Eppley precision spectral pyranometer
Solar Flux (outgoing)	1993/1994	---	Eppley precision spectral pyranometer
Longwave radiation	1993/1994	1994/1995	Eppley precision infrared radiometer (pyrgeometer)

TIMING: Data was gathered from the Howard Glacier meteorology station on the dates and frequencies listed in the link below. Due to regular station maintenance, occasional short gaps (hours) with missing data occurs. Longer intervals (several months) with missing data have occasionally occurred due to storage module problems, but this is minimized through the regular station upkeep every austral summer. Click here to see the dates and frequencies.

CITATIONS: Doran, Peter T., Gayle L. Dana, Jordan T. Hastings and Robert A. Wharton, Jr. 1995. McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER): LTER automatic weather network (LAWN). Antarctic Journal of the U.S. 30(5): 276-280.

COMMENTS: Meteorological data is collected year-round at each of the stations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. After retrieving this data (usually every January), the parameters that are recorded are processed from level 0 (raw) to level 1 (processed, provided on the web). The raw data file descriptions and task lists summarize what was done to get from level 0 to level 1.

STATUS: Public Access (Type 1).

VARIABLE DESCRIPTION:

variable	type	description	units	missing value indicator	minimum	maximum	precision
Dataset code	Text	Code for given set of information for Howard Glacier meteorology station	None	Required entry	n/a	n/a	n/a
MetLocID	Text	Code representing Howard Glacier meteorology station	None	Required entry	n/a	n/a	n/a
Date	Date	Date/time of sample (McMurdo time)	MM/DD/YY HH24:MM	Required entry	12/01/94 00:00	12/31/04 23:59	MM (minutes)
AirT1m	Number	Average air temperature at 1 m above ground	degrees celcius	Null	-70	15	0.01
AirT3m	Number	Average air temperature at 3 m above ground	degrees celcius	Null	-70	15	0.01
AirTMax	Number	Maximum air temperature at 2.5 - 3 m above ground	degrees celcius	Null	-70	15	0.01
AirTMin	Number	Minimum air temperature at 2.5 - 3 m above ground	degrees celcius	Null	-70	15	0.01
AirT Comments	Text	Helpful hints on air temperatures	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a
IceT20cm	Number	Ice temperature at 20 cm depth	degrees celcius	Null	-70	0	0.01
IceT1m	Number	Ice temperature at 1 meter depth	degrees celcius	Null	-70	0	0.01
IceT Comments	Text	Helpful hints on ice temperature	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a
RH	Number	Relative humidity at 3 meters	percent	Null	0	100	0.01
RH1m	Number	Relative humidity at 1 meter	percent	Null	0	100	0.01
RH Comments	Text	Helpful hints on relative humidity	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a
LwRadIn	Number	Incoming longwave radiation	W/m2	Null	n/a	n/a	0.1
SwRadIn	Number	Incoming shortwave radiation/solar flux	W/m2	Null	0	900	0.1
SwRadOut	Number	Outgoing shortwave radiation/solar flux	W/m2	Null	0	900	0.1
Radiation Comments	Text	Helpful hints on radiation measurements (incoming/outgoing shortwave)	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a
WDir	Number	Average wind direction	degrees from north	Null	0	360	0.1
WDirStD	Number	Standard deviation of wind direction	degrees from north	Null	0	n/a	0.1
WSpd	Number	Wind speed	meters per second	Null	0	n/a	0.1
WSpdMax	Number	Maximum wind speed	meters per second	Null	0	n/a	0.1
WSpdMin	Number	Minimum wind speed	meters per second	Null	0	n/a	0.1
Wind Comments	Text	Helpful hints on wind measurements	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a
WVapD	Number	Water Vapor Density	grams per cubic meter	Null	n/a	n/a	0.1
WVapD Comments	Text	Helpful hints on water vapor density measurements	None	Null	n/a	n/a	n/a

FLAGS: Flags used during data processing:

"#": Bogus value, initialized but never calculated
"B": Recorded by instrument,but known to be "bad data"
"F": Recorded by instrument, but apparently flawed
"M": Supposedly recorded by instrument, but missing
"N": Not available/applicable (e.g. WDir when WSpd=0)
"R": Out of Range (user-adjustable limits)
"*": Subjectively voided

In addition, flags were found that were not included in the list above. Peter Doran was therefore contacted to find out how to translate the flags for "S", "U" and "V". He advised to use the following:

"S": Negative value generated by noise in the system zeroed out (eg. incoming shortwave radiation level should not be negative, so convert negative value to zero)
"U": Constant ice surface ablation on the glaciers causes the 20-centimeter ice temperature probe to continually become shallower. The probe depth is therefore not well known.
"V": Constant ice surfaceablation on the glaciers causes the 1-meter ice temperature probe to continually become shallower. The probe depth is therefore not wellknown.

Since the flags in the data files were added to values that were recorded, rather than appearing as a separate variable (eg. 0.0N, as opposed to 0.0, N), it was necessary for the data manager to revise these files so that the measurements were represented in numeric format & the flags would be in text format. Denise Steigerwald therefore imported the data into Microsoft Access, created comment fields for categories such as air temperature, humidity, wind, radiation, and soil temperature, and moved the suffixes described above to these comments fields. The comments were then expanded from the single letter codes to short descriptions of what was occurring.